浅析园林景观设计三误区

一说---设计误区 A misconception of design 作为当前城市建设中最热门的是“景观设计”，于是乎各种大大小小的景观工程公司、景观设计公司、景观 设计师频频出现，其实真的混乱至极。 As the most popular "landscape design" in the current urban construction, so many landscape engineering companies, landscape design companies and landscape designers appear frequently, in fact, it is really chaotic. 景观不是园林，园林一定是景观。而今是把景观和园林混为一谈，这是误区一。景观是“可引起良好视觉感受的某种景象”。而园林是“在一定地域内运用工程技术和艺术手段，通过因地制宜地改造地形、整治水系、栽 种植物、营造建筑和布置园路等方法创作而成的优美的游憩景域”。所以不能简单地把园林归结为景观。 The landscape is not a garden, and the garden must be a landscape. Nowadays, it is a misconception to confuse landscapes with gardens. Landscape is "a kind of vision that can cause good visual perception". And garden is a beautiful recreation area created by means of engineering technology and art means in a certain region by means of modifying terrain, regulating water system, planting plants, building buildings and arranging Garden Road through local conditions. So you can't simply attribute the garden to the landscape. 现在景观设计师只要会画美术图画，特别是能用电脑软件绘制效果图就可以搞园林设计。这是误区二。 Now, as long as the landscape designer can draw art drawings, especially using computer software to draw the renderings, landscape design can be done. This is a misunderstanding two. 项目设计主题、设计思想不是设计师所为之，而是出资建造者、建造方项目主“官”人员根据主观意识要求设计方如何如何设计，甚至于具体的材质、树木、树木规格、构筑物等都有明确规定。这是误区三。 The project design theme, design idea is not the designer, but the investment builder, the builder of the project owner "official" personnel according to the subjective awareness of how to design how to design, even specific material, trees, tree specifications, structures, and so on. This is a misunderstanding three. 设计图纸大多是效果图、意向图、分析图等图片，还多半是网上下载园林元素图片 ，没有设计思想，没有 景的描述，出图大多是不成比例的缩小文本。这是误区四。 Most of the design drawings are pictures of effect, intention, analysis, and most of the pictures are downloaded on the Internet. There is no design idea, no description of the landscape, and most of the drawings are disproportionately reduced text. This is a misunderstanding four. 设计师只是建造方、或是境外设计师的画图匠而已，很少有独立设计的机会。这是误区五。 A designer is only a painter of a builder or an overseas designer. There are few opportunities for independent design. This is a misunderstanding five. 很多设计师对园林植物的生长特性、树木的姿态、色、花、形、叶园林用途、植物和环境的配置不清楚、不熟悉，一味搞花俏、洋、大、高、密。这是误区六。 Many designers are not clear and unfamiliar with the growth characteristics of garden plants, the posture of trees, colors, flowers, shapes, Ye Yuanlin uses, plants and the environment. This is a misunderstanding six. 二说----设计误区 Two: the misunderstanding of design 说是景观设计也好、园林设计也罢，可这工程设计图纸总该有个统一的标准规范吧，可我们现在的设计图纸，五花八门，设计师自创一套，还说：“这么画图面好看”。 It is the landscape design or the garden design, but the design drawings of this project should have a unified standard, but the design drawings we have now have all kinds of designs. 1996年3月1日起已实施了中华人民共和国行业标准--风景园林图例图示标准;1986年12月25日国家计划委员 会发布了工程建设标准规范，对工程建设图纸有严格的国家标准。而目前的工程设计图纸各设计师自创一套，最 起码的图线、图标、图纸幅面、图例、代号、符号、文字形式、文字大小等等不按规范绘制。 In March 1, 1996, the standard of the People's Republic of China industry standard was implemented, and the National Planning Committee issued the standard for the construction of the project in December 25, 1986. It has a strict national standard for the engineering construction drawings. At present, the designers have created a set of design drawings. The minimum drawing lines, icons, drawings, graphs, symbols, symbols, text forms, and the size of the text are not drawn according to the standard. 总平面图是表明一个征用地区域范围的总体综合设计的内容，是表现工程总体布局的图样，为工程施工放线、土方工程及编制施工规划的依据。 The general plan is the content of the overall comprehensive design of the domain of the requisitioned area, the pattern of the overall layout of the project, and the basis for the construction and layout of the construction and the earthwork and the planning of the construction. 现在的总平面图多半是色彩美术图，没有坐标、没有基点、基准线和标高。特别是图例、图线、符号、代号不按规范标准画，自成一格谁也看不懂，必须有设计自己亲自解读。 Now the general plan is mostly color art drawings, no coordinates, no base points, baseline and elevation. In particular, legend, lines, symbols, and code numbers are not drawn according to standard specifications, and no one can understand them. 效果图是反映、表示设计意图的形象图纸，按理因该真实反映施工完成后的基本面貌。可现在的效果图和竣工后的实际大不相同，夸大效果、扩大视野、下载与设计不相符的园林素材、元素，大量的植物图片，其他工程 的山、水、亭等建筑小品。忽悠建设方业主或主管，美其名曰：意向设计。 The effect diagram is an image drawing that reflects and expresses the intention of the design. It reflects the basic appearance of the construction after the completion of the construction. But the present effect map is quite different from the actual situation after completion, exaggerating the effect, expanding the field of vision, downloading the garden materials and elements that do not agree with the design, a large number of plant pictures, and other construction items such as mountain, water and pavilion in other projects. Flickering the owner or supervisor of the construction side, the name is "intention design". 三说-----设计误区 Three - -- the misunderstanding of design 现在流行所谓的欧式景观、简欧风格、日本枯山水、热带风光、生态园林、湿地景观，又命名曰：东方夏威 夷、绿洲千岛、金色海岸等等之类。又有什么设计要欧美一点的风格、要大气一点之说。于是乎设计者就大肆从 网上下载图片，不管是否是这种风格，只要是与中国传统园林不同的就是欧美的了，还听说什么连树木也有什么 欧美风格之分。 Now the so-called European landscape, the simple European style, the Japanese dry landscape, the tropical scenery, the ecological garden, the wetland landscape, also named: East Hawaii, oasis Thousand Island, Golden Coast and so on. What kind of design is there for Europe and America? So the designer downloads the pictures from the Internet, whether it is this style or not, as long as it is different from the traditional Chinese gardens in Europe and America. 风格是每个地区、每个国家、每个名族、长期积累形成的自己独特的形式。异地民族可以引入为己所用，但引入不等于照搬、模仿。现在的建筑、园林建筑小品不分场合，只要是欧美的风格，就是建几根罗马柱、拱门窗券、放几个艺术人像雕塑，狮头喷水就是欧美风格的了。弄点白砂粒，放几块石头、放个石灯笼就是日本枯山水了。小到不足几百平方米的水面，用几块大卵石放于水边，种上几株加拿利海枣，布迪椰子就是热带风光、金色 海岸、东方夏威夷了。洼地搞点石头、种植点水生植物、沼生植物就是湿地了。把各种乔木、灌木、地被、湿生树木混植于一起就是生态园林了。晕......我真不知这些设计师是不懂还是忽悠建造方满足他们的需求。 Style is the unique form that each region, every country, every name and family has accumulated over a long period of time. Different nationalities can introduce their own use, but the introduction does not mean copying or imitation. As long as the style of Europe and America, the building and the garden architectural sketches are in the style of Europe and America. It is to build several Rome columns, arch door vouchers, and several art sculptures, and the sprinkler of the lion's head is the style of Europe and America. Get some white sand, put a few stones, and put a stone lantern. Small to less than a few hundred square meters of water, a few large pebbles are placed on the water, several Canary dates are planted, and buddy coconut is the tropical scenery, the Golden Coast, and the East Hawaii. The lowland is a wetland with some stones, planting aquatic plants and biogas plants. Planting all kinds of trees, shrubs, ground covers and wet growing trees is an ecological garden. Halo... I don't know if these designers do not understand or flicker the builders to meet their needs.